|
IANA
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
IARP
Inverse Address Resolution Protocol
IBCN
Integrated Broadband Communication Network
IBEX
International Business EXchange
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol
ICMP is a message control and error-reporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol datagram, but the messages are processed by the IP software and are not directly apparent to the application user.
An extension to IP that permits extra control, test and error messages to be incorporated into the packet stream
ICP
Internet Control Protocol.
Protocol that tracks the Internet address of nodes, routes outgoing messages, and recognizes incoming messages.
IDI
Initial Domain Identifier - ISO Addressing
IDN
Integrated Digital Network
IDP
Internetwork Datagram Protocol
IDRP
Interdomain Routing Protocol
IDSL
Integrated Services Digital Subscriber Line
IDU
Interface Data Unit - ISO
IEC
Interexchange Carrier
IEEE - 802.x
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
| 802.1 |
Internetworking. A specification for spanning tree bridges and the spanning tree protocol. This is a hardware level network management standard for Ethernet MAC-layer bridges and the Heterogeneous LAN Management specification for both Ethernet and Token Ring hubs. There's also 802.1q for the interoperability of VLANs. |
| 802.2 |
LLC - Logical Link Control.A Logical Link Control protocol based on HDLC for LAN and MAN link-level control. It specifies the transmission of data between two stations at the Data-link layer. It defines the handling of errors, framing, flow control and the Layer 3 service interface. It is used in both 802.3 and 802.5 LANs. |
| 802.3 |
CSMA/CD - Ethernet.A modified form of CSMA/CD for Ethernet in its various forms; 10Base-5 is virtually the original Ethernet. This protocol specifies the Physical layer and the MAC sub-layer of the Data-link. See CSMA/CD and 10Base-#. For Ethernet operating at 100 Mb/s over premises Category 5 cabling and fiber, the IEEE has now created a new sub-set called 802.3u. |
| 802.4 |
Token Bus LAN.The Token-passing bus specification. This protocol specifies the Physical layer and the MAC sub-layer of a broadband system. It is physically a linear bus or tree, but logically the stations on the ring are aware of their neighbors. It uses coaxial cable for robustness, and token-passing for maximum predictability. It is used in some manufacturing networks. |
| 802.5 |
Token Ring LAN.Token Ring specification. This comes in both 4Mb/s and 16Mb/s rates. The physical wiring is shielded twisted pair in a star topology with a hub at the center (although it is a logical ring). An addendum to this Protocol specifies source-routing bridges also. It is almost identical to IBM's Token Ring. |
| 802.6 |
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network.DQDB for MANs |
| 802.7 |
Broadband Technical Advisory Group.Defined for broadband LANs which can carry video, data and voice. It uses radio frequencies over coaxial cable, and generally has a tree topology. |
| 802.8 |
Fiber-Optic Technical Advisory Group |
| 802.9 |
Integrated Voice / Data Network. Interface for LAN-to-ISDN links. |
| 802.10 |
Network Security.This defines a single packet type which has both a MAC layer frame header, and a special 802.10 header. This focuses on network security at the Data-link layer, but it also provides a mechanism by which a packet can carry a virtual LAN identifier. A 4-Byte special header carrying the VLAN ID is inserted between the LAN packet's MAC header and the data. |
| 802.11 |
Wireless Networks. Wireless LAN standards (line-of-sight infra-red, and spread spectrum) proposals for up to 1000 nodes and 20Mbit/s data rates. This standard will specify one MAC layer (based upon an original proposal from Xircom) supporting both peer-to-peer and hub-based topologies. The standard envisages multiple Physical layers: one for Direct Sequence spread spectrum and one for Frequency Hopping. Infra-red and narrowband microwave will also be included. The CDMA standard seems to be developing strong support in both the US and Europe. See Hiperlan and SuperNet also. |
| 802.11B |
11 Mbit/s using the 2.4 GHz frequency |
| 802.12 |
Demand Priority Access LAN, 100 Base VG - AnyLAN |
| 802.14 |
Cable modem standards for HFC networks. These cable systems must each be capable of supporting 2000 cable modems, and be up to 160km long. The work is still in the early stages. |
IGMP
Internet Group Management Protocol
A protocol in the IP suite that allows a host to register its local network with the local router to receive any datagrams sent to that router and targeted to a group with a specific IP multicast address.
IGP
Interior Gateway Protocol.
An Internet protocol used to exchange routing infor. between auton. systems.
IGRP
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol.
An IGP devel. by Cisco ¨ to address the pb assoc. with routing in large heterogeneous networks.
IISP
Interim Interswitch Signaling Protocol - ATM
A standardized signaling protocol to enable switched virtual circuits - SVCs -between switches in a private ATM network using static routes.
IMA
Inverse Multiplexing over ATM
IMAP
Internet Message Access Protocol
IMEISV
International Mobile Equipment Identity Software Version - GSM -
Identity and software version.
IMP
Interface Message Processor - ARPA / Dod
IMR
Interrupt Mask Register - PC
IMS
Information Management System
An IBM ¨ hierarchical database management system for mainframes.
IMSI
International Mobile Subscriber Identity - GSM -
International registration of a user on a SIM card.
IMT-2000
International Mobile Telecommunications 2000
The ITU -International Telecommunications Union -initiative for a service that will provide radio access to the global telecommunications infrastructure, through both satellite and terrestrial systems, serving fixed and mobile users in public and private networks. In other words, third-generation services
IN
Integrated Node
IND$FILE
IBM File Transfer program
INFRARED
Electromagnetic waves whose frequency range is above that of microwave bu below the visible spectrum.
INSP
Internet Name Server Protocol
INTEL
Integrated Electronics ¨
INTERNET
Inter Networking
INTRANET
I / O
Input / Output
IOS
Internetworking Operating System - Cisco ¨
IP
Internet Protocol see IPV6 as well
Used for network connection from level 3 and higher.
The Frame
| Vers |
HLEN |
Type of Service |
Total
Length |
Identifi-
cation |
Flags |
Frag
Offset |
TTL |
|
Protocol |
Header
Checksum |
Source
IP
Address |
Dest. IP
Address |
IP
Options |
Data |
|
| Vers |
Hlen |
TOS |
Total Length |
| Identification |
Flags |
Frag Offset |
| TTL |
Protocol |
Header Checksum |
| Source IP@ |
| Destination IP@ |
| Data |
| Version |
Version used - for example V4 or V6 |
4 bits |
| Hlen - or IHLIP |
Header length. 32 bits words |
4 bits |
| Type Of Service |
How the datagram should be handled |
8 bits |
| Total Length |
of the IP packet in bytes. Header + data |
16 bits |
| Identification |
Datagram identification use to reassemble a fragmented datagram. Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow differing Mutes in the Internet |
16 bits |
| Flag |
Specifies if the packet can be fragmented |
3 bits |
| Fragment Offset |
Indicate the position of the fragment in the originate packet. Used to recreate a fragmented packet |
13 bits |
| TTl |
Time To Live. A packet has a time to live after it is destroyed if it has not being treated |
8 bits |
| Protocol |
Indicate the above protocol. Upper-layer - layer 4 - protocol sending the datagram |
8 bits |
| Header Checksum |
Checks the integrity of the packet header |
16 bits |
| Source Address |
Indicate the transmitter - 32 bits |
32 bits |
| Destination Address |
Indicate the receiver - 32 bits |
0 to 32 bits |
| Option |
For example, security, network testing, debugging |
|
Comment :
| |
|
Address Range |
# of Networks |
# Of Host Addresses
|
| Class A |
1 to 126 |
0.1.0.0 to 126.0.0.0 |
127 address. 2* 7-1 |
16.777.214 millions hosts. 2^16-1 |
| Class B |
128 to 191 |
128.0.0.0 to 191.255.0.0 |
16384 Network addresses. 2^14 |
65 534 hosts. 2^16-1 |
| Class C |
192 to 223 |
192.0.1.0. to 223.255.255.0 |
2.097.151 Network addresses |
254 hosts. 2^21 |
| Class D |
224 to 239 |
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.0 |
|
For multicast purposes. Ex. OSPF |
| Class E |
240 to 255 |
240.0.0.0 to 247.255.255.255 |
|
For experimental purposes. |
á An IP address is 32 bits. 4 numbers separated by points. 4 X 8 bits.
á For the Class A 2^7 -1 because the network 0.0.0.0 does not exist.
á Class A for large network
á Class C for small company
Type of Service
000 Routine
011 Flash
001 Priority
100 Flash Override
010 Immediate
101 Critic
110 Internet Control
111 Network Control
| # of bits |
# of sub-network |
| 1 |
2 |
| 2 |
4 |
| 3 |
8 |
| 4 |
16 |
| 5 |
32 |
| 6 |
64 |
| 7 |
128 |
| 8 Not for class C |
256 |
| # of bits |
subnet mask |
# of subnets |
# of hosts |
| 2 |
255.255.192.0 |
2 |
16,382 |
| 3 |
255.255.224.0 |
6 |
8190 |
| 4 |
255.255.240.0 |
14 |
4094 |
| 5 |
255.255.248.0 |
30 |
2046 |
| 6 |
255.255.252.0 |
62 |
1022 |
| 7 |
255.255.254.0 |
126 |
510 |
| 8 |
255.255.255.0 |
254 |
254 |
| 9 |
255.255.255.128 |
510 |
126 |
| 10 |
255.255.255.192 |
1022 |
62 |
| 11 |
255.255.255.224 |
2046 |
30 |
| 12 |
255.255.255.240 |
4094 |
14 |
| 13 |
255.255.255.248 |
8190 |
6 |
| 14 |
25.255.255.252 |
16,382 |
2 |
- To determine the IP subnet number, add zeros to all the bits of the host address
- Add ones to determine the broadcast number.
- The address between the subnet number and the broadcast number gives the host address range.
| Port Number |
Application |
| 21 |
FTP |
| 23 |
Telnet |
| 25 |
SMTP |
| 53 |
DNS |
| 69 |
TFTP |
| 110 |
POP3 |
| 123 |
NTP |
| 161 |
SNMP |
| 88/749/750 |
Kerberos |
| 1720 |
TCP |
| 2049 |
NFS |
| 7070 |
Real Audio |
| 7000/7010/32496 |
VDOPhone |
Example of a Class C Subnet Planning
IP Host Address : 201.222.5.121
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248
| - |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 201.222.5.121 |
11001001 |
11011110 |
00000101 |
01111001 |
| 255.255.255.248 |
11111111 |
11111111 |
11111111 |
11111000 |
| Subnet |
201 |
222 |
5 |
120 |
| - |
- |
- |
- |
- |
á Subnet Address = 201.222.5.120
á Host Addresses = 201.222.5.121-201.222.5.126
á Broadcast Address = 201.222.5.127
á Five Bits of Subnetting
| # Bits |
Subnet Mask |
# Subnets |
# Hosts |
| 2 |
255.255.255.192 |
2 |
62 |
| 3 |
255.255.255.224 |
6 |
30 |
| 4 |
255.255.255.240 |
14 |
14 |
| 5 |
255.255.255.248 |
30 |
6 |
| 6 |
255.255.255.252 |
62 |
2 |
Example:
| @ |
192 |
168 |
128 |
71/26 |
| Binary Address |
11100000 |
10101000 |
10000000 |
0100111 |
| @ Subnet Mask |
11111111 |
11111111 |
11111111 |
1100000 |
| = |
255 |
255 |
255 |
192 |
| |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| @Network |
192 |
168 |
128 |
64 |
| @Broadcast |
192 |
168 |
128 |
127 |
| First host = @ network + 1 |
192 |
168 |
128 |
65 |
| Last host address = @ broadcast -1 |
192 |
168 |
128 |
126 |
| This address is a Class C origin w/ 2 bits |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| To calculate a Class C subnetted in 5 bits |
11111111 |
11111111 |
11111111 |
11111000 |
| = 192.165.128.64/29 |
11111111 |
11111111 |
11111111 |
01000000 |
| |
11111111 |
11111111 |
11111111 |
01000111 |
| @Broadcast |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| @First host |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| @Last host |
- |
- |
- |
- |
IPCP
Internet Protocol Control Packet.
Specialized IP over PPP network control protocol packet.
IPES
IP Exchange Systems - PBX Lucent ¨
IPEX
Internet Protocol Encapsulation of X.25
IPG
Inter-packet Gap.
An idle period between two packets in the IEEE 802.3 standard.
IPHA
Internet Protocol Authentication Header - IP
IPM
Interpersonal Messaging - X.400
IP Multicast
Standard IETF communications protocols addressing multimedia data transmission over the Internet, as well as via other communications services and networks.
IPNG
Internet Protocol Next Generation
IPNNI
Integrated Private Network-to-Network Interface
An emerging multiple link state protocol, being developed as an extension to the PNNI ATM routing protocol. It will be used for effective route determination and distribution in hybrid LAN/ATM internetworks.
IPSec
Internet Protocol Security.
Tunneling protocol which offers strong encryption, support for IP address translation, and packet-by-packet authentication.
IPTC
Internet Protocol Telephony Solution for Carriers - Ercisson
IPV5
IP V5 was reserved for ST-2 - Stream protocol version 2 designed to control the data flow. It was abandoned for RSVP.
IPV6
Internet Protocol Version 6 - 128 bits / 4 billions of addresses
* 128 bits / 4 billions of addresses
| Version |
4 bits |
Internet Protocol version = 6 |
| Priority |
4 bits |
Level of priority |
| Flow Label |
24 bits |
Group of packets from the same source |
| Payload Length |
16 bits |
Packet size in bytes |
| Next Header |
8 bits |
Information on the above layer. equivalent to the protocol field with IP |
| Hop Limit |
8 bits |
Equivalent to TTL with IP v4. Nb of hopes |
| Source Address |
128 bits |
Address of the sender |
| Destination Address |
128 bits |
Address of the receiver |
|
Version
|
Priority
|
Flow Label
|
|
Payload
Length
|
Next
Header
|
Hop Limit
|
|
Source Address
|
|
Destination Address
|
IPv6 extension header
| HBH |
Hop-by-Hop Option header |
| DH-1 |
Destination option header |
| RH |
Routing header |
| FH |
Fragment header |
| AH |
Authentication header |
| ESP |
Encapsulating Security Payload header |
| DH-2 |
Destination Option header |
| Upper Layer |
TCP / UDP |
IPv6 Header
Next Header =
Routing |
Routing Header
Next Header = Dest
Options |
Dest Opt Header
Next Header = TCP |
TCP Header |
Data |
o Looping Address
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
o Non specified Address
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
o Address IPv4 compatible IPv6
0:0:0:0:0:0:144:19:74:1
o Address IPv4-mapped IPv6
0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:144:19:74:1
Used to represent an IPv4 address which does not support IPv6
o IPv6 is using Multicast
|
8 bits
|
4 bits
|
4 bits
|
112 bits
|
|
FF
|
Flags
|
Scope
|
Multicast Group ID
|
o The scope field is used to limit the multicast
0 reserved
1 local node
2 local link
5 local site
8 local organization
E global
F reserved
o RFC 1884
Group ID0 reserved
Group ID1 All the IPv6 wks
Group ID2 All the routers IPv6
o The Neighbor Discovery Protocol is used as ARP
Sollicite Node Multicast
FF02:1:0:0 to FF02:1:FFFF:FFFF
o Packet priority
0 No traffic defined
1 Filler Traffic - netnews
2 Data transfer
3 Reserved
4 Transfer - FTP, NFS
5 Reserved
6 Interactive traffic - Telnet
7 Internet control traffic - SNMP
IPX
NovelProtocol
IRDP
ICMP Router Discovery Protocol
IRL
Inter-Repeater Links
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network - CCITT
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of CCITT/ITU standards for digital transmission over ordinary telephone copper wire as well as over other media. Home and business users who install an ISDN adapter (in place of a modem) can see highly-graphic Web pages arriving very quickly (up to 128 Kbps). ISDN requires adapters at both ends of the transmission so your access provider also needs an ISDN adapter. ISDN is generally available from your phone company in most urban areas in the United States and Europe.
IS-IS
Intermediate System to Intermediate System - OSI level 2 protocol
ISL
Inter-Link Switching - Cisco ¨
ISLU
Integrated Services Line Unit - AT&T ¨
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
IT
Information Technology
ITSP
Internet Telephony Service Provider
ITU-T
International Telecommunications Union -Telecommunication Standardization Sector
IVR
Interactive Voice Response -
A software feature that allows the use of one of several interactive voice response scripts during the call processing functionality.
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